Migration Housing
Project: Zeliha Sultan Dağlı
Migration, whether within the borders of the country or outside the borders of the country, is carried out in order to escape from the unfavourable conditions of the region or to take advantage of the advantages of the destination. The conditions that cause people to relocate may vary according to the place and time. Individual or collective migration may occur for many reasons such as the search for prosperity, escape from war or violence, political instability, family reunification policies, political asylum, better educational opportunities.
Migration dwellings should be built taking into account the physical location of the land and climatic conditions. Before the houses are built, the reason for migration and accordingly portability should be decided. In short-term migrations, a foldable and easily transportable structure is more suitable, while in long-term migrations, a structure that can be dismantled, installed and transported on the platform is more suitable. Since more units may be needed as the needs change over time, it is important that the modular structure can be developed, recycled, articulated and added over time.
Earthquake migration, migration movements can be caused by pushing reasons or attractive reasons. Disaster and difficult geographical conditions are the main push factors. People have resorted to temporary or permanent migration as a survival strategy due to the possibility of disaster or in order to move away from the consequences of a disaster. These migrations are realised as internal migration or external migration. People can migrate temporarily or permanently due to disasters. Disaster victims are considered in the sub-category of "environmental refugees". These migrations may take place in the form of escape (abandonment), evacuation, displacement (people being removed from their homes), resettlement (people being removed from their own homes and placed in new homes) or forced migration (people being forced to move to new and often distant places). The number of people affected by disasters increases in parallel with the population growth. Therefore, there is also an increase in migration due to disasters. It is more appropriate to make the migrant dwellings prepared for disasters from structures that can be folded and do not take up much space when folded. At the same time, considering that they will stay there for a certain period of time, it is important that more than one structure can be easily transported at the same time.
More than 50 per cent of the disasters that occurred in the last 60 years were earthquakes. Many earthquake victim families had to continue living in temporary disaster dwellings for a very long time. Due to the low resistance against disasters, uninhabitable houses become uninhabitable and urgent and fast sheltering is required. According to the researches, the problems related to sheltering in the emergency aid phase in case of a disaster are; Lack of preparation in advance, lack of organisation, haphazard placement of units, problems of emergency sheltering units, incompatibility with the region and climate characteristics, volume-area insufficiency, wet volume problem, insulation problem (heat, sound, humidity, fire), lighting, mains water, sewerage, flooding problems arising from lack of basic infrastructure, Problems such as not being sustainable, wear and tear of the units as a result of prolonged use time and becoming unusable for the next disaster, not paying attention to joint details during installation, transportation problems throughout Turkey, difficulty in material transport, not considering social-cultural-commercial life have been identified.
In this design, in order for the module to be easily added and removed, we need to choose a module that does not take up much space when folded, is small and can be shortened or lengthened when necessary. At this stage, I created my house with a folding system by creating a lamp connection of betopanes to each other in certain dimensions. In this way, my project provides foldable, sustainable, dismountable and portable features.
Why Betopan?
Betopan carries the individual beneficial aspects of the materials used in its production. Wood, cement and chemicals are used in its production. In this respect, the benefits of these substances apply to betopan. Cement material is a moisture resistant material. It is a material that will not be easily deformed on wet and damp surfaces and will not contain mould on it. Even if it stays in water for a long time, its structure will not deteriorate easily. Cement is a material that will not be easily damaged by insects and similar external factors. Wood is a lighter material than other materials. In addition to its lightness, it also has the feature of being elastic. Thanks to this feature, it can be bent more easily and will survive bumps and similar situations with less damage. Wood products generally provide more insulation than other materials. In addition, wood materials can be processed and cut more easily than other materials. Betopan sheets combine these benefits of cement and wood together. It contains no harmful substances and has no odour. It provides the most ideal insulation. It is preferred in earthquake-resistant buildings thanks to the lightness of the tree it contains. It has a fire-resistant structure thanks to both cement and the chemicals in it. Due to these features, I used betopan because I considered betopan more suitable for my project.
How should Betopan Assembly be done?
Betopan is used by mounting to the sub-construction (metal profiles). Betopan is fixed by screwing during installation. After forming the floor, betopanes are opened by making lamp joints. After leaving ideal gaps from the corners and edges, screwing should be done. Then, by covering it with betopan again, roof profiles and 3 rolled roof panels are mounted. (The products and dimensions used are selected in accordance with the standards).
Consolidation of Houses
While starting the project, I made a settlement similar to the one seen in the example because of my main goal, which is that migrants do not feel lonely while living and want to be in constant interaction with a group of people, even if it is a small group. At the same time, I created a common courtyard and created a private social space for them. I think that this area will be a little better for people in such disasters because of the feeling of constant togetherness.
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Earthquake Migration
More than 50 per cent of the disasters in the last 60 years have been earthquakes. Many families of earthquake victims had to continue living in temporary disaster shelters for a very long time. The fact that the houses become uninhabitable due to the low disaster-resistant construction leads to urgent and rapid sheltering needs. According to the researches, the problems related to sheltering in the emergency aid phase in case of a disaster are; Lack of preparation in advance, lack of organisation, haphazard placement of units, problems of emergency sheltering units, incompatibility with the region and climate characteristics, volume-area insufficiency, wet volume problem, insulation problem (heat, sound, humidity, fire), lighting, mains water, sewerage, flooding problems arising from lack of basic infrastructure, Problems such as not being sustainable/recoverable, wear and tear of the units as a result of prolonged use time and becoming unusable for the next disaster, not paying attention to the joint details during installation, transportation problems throughout Turkey, difficulty in material transport, not considering social-cultural-commercial life have been identified. As a solution to these problems, we need to choose a module that does not take up much space when folded, is small and can be shortened or lengthened when necessary, so that the module can be easily added and removed in the design. At this stage, I created my dwelling with a folding system suitable for climatic conditions by creating a combination of betopanes with lamps in certain dimensions.
Contact Zeliha Sultan Dağlı for project production and project details you can move on.
zelihadagli11@gmail.com
